![]() ![]() ![]() The carbapenems were developed to overcome antibiotic resistance mediated by bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Enzyme function Structure of the carbapenem backbone.Ĭarbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics that are capable of killing most bacteria by inhibiting the synthesis of one of their cell wall layers. The most common bacteria that make this enzyme are gram-negative such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, but the gene for NDM-1 can spread from one strain of bacteria to another by horizontal gene transfer. It was later detected in bacteria in India, Pakistan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Japan, Egypt, and Iraq. NDM-1 was first detected in 2008 in a culture plate of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a Swedish patient of Indian origin. Such bacteria are usually sensitive only to polymyxins and tigecycline. Bacteria that produce carbapenemases are often referred to in the news media as " superbugs" because infections caused by them are difficult to treat. The gene for NDM-1 is one member of a large gene family that encodes beta-lactamase enzymes called carbapenemases. These include the antibiotics of the carbapenem family, which are a mainstay for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. NDM-1 is an enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of beta-lactam antibiotics. ![]() Enzyme Klebsiella pneumoniae, the bacterium in which NDM-1 was first identified. ![]()
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